Footnote 122:
_Astr. Nach._ Nos. 3330, 3410.
Footnote 123:
Rev. W. Sidgreaves, _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 212.
Footnote 124:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. v. p. 250; _Observatory_, vol. xxi. p. 404.
Footnote 125:
_Memoirs Royal Astr. Society_, vol. xli. p. 8 (Ranyard).
Footnote 126:
_Memoirs Brit. Astr. Ass._ vol. v. p. 84.
Footnote 127:
A. J. S. Adams, _Journ. Brit. Astr. Ass._ vol. iv. p. 203; E. Brown, _ibid._ p. 300.
Footnote 128:
_The Sun_, p. 125.
Footnote 129:
_Il Sole_, p. 62, ed. 1884.
Footnote 130:
Suffusions of dark red matter were observed in the umbræ of a multiple spot by E. S. Martin, 17th September 1893, _Popular Astronomy_, vol. i. p. 91.
Footnote 131:
_Memoirs Brit. Astr. Ass._ vol. iv. p. 92.
Footnote 132:
Maunder, _Observatory_, vol. xxi. p. 403.
Footnote 133:
_Ibid._ p. 402, vol. xxiii. p. 233.
Footnote 134:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. lv. p. 73.
Footnote 135:
_Ibid._ vol. lviii. p. 91.
Footnote 136:
_Old and New Astronomy_, p. 382.
Footnote 137:
_Knowledge_, vol. xxi. p. 89.
Footnote 138:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. vi. p. 91.
Footnote 139:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. lv. p. 282.
Footnote 140:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. vi. p. 366.
Footnote 141:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 734; _Astroph. Journ._ vol. iv. p. 201. Cf. J. Halm, _Annals Edin. Observatory_, vol. i. p. 145.
Footnote 142:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. lv. p. 458.
Footnote 143:
_Ibid._ vol. xxxvii. p. 5.
Footnote 144:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 739.
Footnote 145:
Frost, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. iv. p. 200.
Footnote 146:
_Journ. Brit. Astr. Ass._ vol. vii. p. 121.
Footnote 147:
Maunder, _Knowledge_, vol. xvii. p. 198.
Footnote 148:
_Observatory_, vol. xxiii. p. 230.
Footnote 149:
_Knowledge_, vol. xvii. p. 199.
Footnote 150:
Cortie, _Observatory_, vol. xxiii. p. 230.
Footnote 151:
_Recherches sur la Rotation du Soleil_, p. 12.
Footnote 152:
Young, _The Sun_, p. 132.
Footnote 153:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 242.
Footnote 154:
_Proc. Royal Society_, vol. xv. p. 257.
Footnote 155:
_Chemistry of the Sun_, p. 324.
Footnote 156:
_Ibid._ p. 319.
Footnote 157:
_Memoirs Royal Astr. Society_, vol. l. p. 50.
Footnote 158:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. lviii. p. 373.
Footnote 159:
Frost-Scheiner, _Astronomical Spectroscopy_, p. 177; J. S. Ames, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. i. p. 89; Hartley, _Proc. Royal Society_, vol. lvi. p. 192.
Footnote 160:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. xlvii. p. 19.
Footnote 161:
_Nature_, 12th Dec. 1872.
Footnote 162:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. v. p. 248.
Footnote 163:
Gases glowing electrically in vacuum tubes were found by M. Cantor incapable of absorption. But the results of further experiments must be awaited before conclusions in so delicate a matter can be availed of to elucidate the state of helium in the sun.
Footnote 164:
_Nature_, 12th Sept. 1895; _The Sun_, p. 134.
Footnote 165:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. lii. p. 424.
Footnote 166:
_Journ. Brit. Astr. Ass._ vol. ix. p. 253.
Footnote 167:
_Ibid._ vol. vii. p. 191.
Footnote 168:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 313.
Footnote 169:
Mascari, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. vi. p. 372.
Footnote 170:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. pp. 159, 414.
Footnote 171:
_Comptes Rendus_, 8th Feb. 1892; _Knowledge_, vol. xvi. p. 230.
Footnote 172:
Deslandres, _L’Astronomie_, Dec. 1894.
Footnote 173:
Deslandres, _Comptes Rendus_, t. cxiv. No. ii.; _Journ. Brit. Astr. Ass._ vol. ii. p. 237.
Footnote 174:
Evershed, _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 240.
Footnote 175:
_Amer. Journ. of Science_, vol. xi. p. 169 (1876).
Footnote 176:
_Publicat. Haynald Observatory_, Bd. vi. p. 40.
Footnote 177:
_Comptes Rendus_, 25th Jan. 1897.
Footnote 178:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 124.
Footnote 179:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. i. p. 212.
Footnote 180:
_Comptes Rendus_, t. ci. pp. 50, 475.
Footnote 181:
Trouvelot, _Bull. Astr._ t. iii. p. 21.
Footnote 182:
Fényi, _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 38.
Footnote 183:
Deslandres, indeed, observed velocities to become, as a rule, accelerated in the upper sections of prominences (_Éclipse du 16 Avril, 1893_, p. 60); but this need not imply that they spring up in a perfect vacuum.
Footnote 184:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 63.
Footnote 185:
H. H. Turner, _ibid._ p. 67.
Footnote 186:
Brester, _Théorie du Soleil_, p. 54.
Footnote 187:
Hale, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. iii. p. 377.
Footnote 188:
_Phil. Trans._ vol. clxxx. p. 345.
Footnote 189:
_L’Astronomie_, t. xii. p. 11.
Footnote 190:
_Lick Reports on Total Eclipse of 1st January 1889_, p. 204.
Footnote 191:
_Memoirs Royal Astr. Society_, vol. xli. p. 519 (Ranyard).
Footnote 192:
_Phil. Trans._ vol. cxc. p. 204 (Wesley).
Footnote 193:
_Bull. de l’Acad. Imp. des Sciences_, Mars 1897, p. 253.
Footnote 194:
Frost-Scheiner, _Astronomical Spectroscopy_, p. 189.
Footnote 195:
_Proc. Royal Society_, vol. lviii. p. 255.
Footnote 196:
Some American photographs taken during the eclipse of 28th May 1900 (_Astroph. Journ._ vol. xii. p. 63) show a brightening upward from the limb, as if through increased rarefaction, of a few lines belonging to green helium. This behaviour runs in the direction indicated by vacuum-tube experience.
Footnote 197:
See _ante_, p. 60.
Footnote 198:
_Proc. Royal Society_, vol. lxvii. p. 467.
Footnote 199:
_The Chemistry of the Sun_, p. 194.
Footnote 200:
_Proc. Royal Society_, vol. lxi. p. 433. Besides H and K, _echoes_ of them survive in a pair situated so high in the ultra-violet that they can only be photographed with a specially adapted apparatus. Their wave-lengths are λ 3179 and λ 3159. They may or may not be chromospheric lines. The records so far obtained do not extend to their remote position.
Footnote 201:
_Bulletin of the Yerkes Observatory_, No. 4, 1897.
Footnote 202:
_Observations de l’Éclipse Totale du Soleil du 16 Avril_, 1893, p. 64.
Footnote 203:
Hale, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. v. p. 225.
Footnote 204:
Evershed, _Nature_, 9th Sept. 1897.
Footnote 205:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 738.
Footnote 206:
_Ibid._ p. 430.
Footnote 207:
_The Indian Eclipse_, p. 70.
Footnote 208:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. xi. p. 243.
Footnote 209:
_Ibid._ p. 165.
Footnote 210:
_Ibid._ vol. vi. p. 412.
Footnote 211:
_Ibid._ vol. x. pp. 112, 287.
Footnote 212:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 66.
Footnote 213:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 821.
Footnote 214:
_Proc. Royal Society_, vol. lxviii. p. 396.
Footnote 215:
See a valuable discussion by Hale, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. iii. pp. 374–387.
Footnote 216:
_Phil. Trans._ vol. cxcvii. A, p. 399.
Footnote 217:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 431; _Comptes Rendus_, 17th Aug. 1891 (Fényi).
Footnote 218:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 119.
Footnote 219:
_Comptes Rendus_, 25th July 1892; _Knowledge_, vol. xvi. p. 146 (A. M. Clerke).
Footnote 220:
_The New Astronomy_, p. 40.
Footnote 221:
_Memoirs Royal Astr. Society_, vol. xli. p. 563 (Ranyard).
Footnote 222:
_Publications Pacific Society_, vol. ii. p. 68.
Footnote 223:
_Memoirs Royal Astr. Society_, vol. xli. p. 656.
Footnote 224:
Ranyard, _ibid._ p. 652.
Footnote 225:
_Ibid._ p. 589 (Pope Hennessy).
Footnote 226:
Perrine, _Lick Bulletin_, No. 9.
Footnote 227:
Ranyard, _Memoirs Royal Astr. Society_, vol. xli. p. 687.
Footnote 228:
_Lick Reports_, p. 193.
Footnote 229:
_Phil. Trans._ vol. cxc. p. 204.
Footnote 230:
_Knowledge_, vol. xii. p. 145, 1889.
Footnote 231:
_Report on the Eclipse_, p. 96.
Footnote 232:
_Ibid._ p. 100; _Observatory_, vol. xvii. p. 350.
Footnote 233:
_Mémoires Acad. de St. Pétersbourg_, t. iv. p. 38, 1862.
Footnote 234:
_Memoirs Royal Astr. Society_, vol. xli. p. 602.
Footnote 235:
_The New Astronomy_, p. 55.
Footnote 236:
_Memoirs Royal Astr. Society_, vol. xlvi. p. 238.
Footnote 237:
Young, _The Sun_, p. 264.
Footnote 238:
_Bull. de l’Acad. de St. Pétersbourg_, t. vi. p. 286.
Footnote 239:
_Atti dell’ Accad. dei Lincei_, 1889, p. 763.
Footnote 240:
Schaeberle, _Report on the Eclipse of 16th April 1893_, pp. 92–98.
Footnote 241:
_Bull. de l’Acad. de St. Pétersbourg_, t. vi. p. 253, 1897.
Footnote 242:
_Nature_, vol. lix. p. 529.
Footnote 243:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. x. p. 190.
Footnote 244:
S. J. Brown, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. xii. p. 63.
Footnote 245:
_Ibid._ p. 73.
Footnote 246:
Frost-Scheiner, _Astr. Spectroscopy_, p. 192; _Comptes Rendus_, t. cxvii. p. 25.
Footnote 247:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. xi. p. 232.
Footnote 248:
Schuster, _Monthly Notices_, vol. xl. p. 35.
Footnote 249:
_Observatory_, vol. xxi. p. 157.
Footnote 250:
Burnham and Schaeberle, _Report on Eclipse of December 1889_, p. 38.
Footnote 251:
_Bull. de l’Acad. de St. Pétersbourg_, t. iv. p. 275.
Footnote 252:
_Popular Astronomy_, vol. viii. p. 369.
Footnote 253:
_The Indian Eclipse_, p. 114.
Footnote 254:
_Ibid._ p. 118.
Footnote 255:
Wesley, _Knowledge_, Oct. 1900, p. 227.
Footnote 256:
Maunder, _Knowledge_, vol. xxi. p. 109. Cf. the visual observations of Seagrave in 1900, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. xii. p. 99.
Footnote 257:
Hale, _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 662.
Footnote 258:
_Observations de l’Éclipse du 16th Avril 1893_, p. 43.
Footnote 259:
_The Observatory_, vol. xxi. p. 188.
Footnote 260:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. x. p. 186.
Footnote 261:
_Loc. cit._ p. 50.
Footnote 262:
_Total Solar Eclipse_, Dec. 1889, p. 47.
Footnote 263:
_The Indian Eclipse_, p. 121.
Footnote 264:
_Popular Astronomy_, p. 260 (edit. of 1878).
Footnote 265:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. xii. p 25.
Footnote 266:
_Proc. Royal Society_, vol. xxxix. p. 108.
Footnote 267:
Deslandres, _loc. cit._ p. 62.
Footnote 268:
_The Solar Corona discussed by Spherical Harmonics_, 1889.
Footnote 269:
_Public. Pacific Society_, vol. iii. p. 216.
Footnote 270:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 804.
Footnote 271:
_Magnetic Fields of Force_, p. 73 (1897).
Footnote 272:
_Reports on Eclipse of 1st January, 1889_, p. 10.
Footnote 273:
_Bull. de l’Acad. des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg_, t. vi. March 1897.
Footnote 274:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 483.
Footnote 275:
_Amer. Journ. of Science_, vol. xi. p. 253, 1901.
Footnote 276:
_Annalen der Physik_, 1900, p. 462; quoted by G. F. Fitzgerald, _Nature_, vol. lxii. p. 7.
Footnote 277:
_Comptes Rendus_, t. cxxx. p. 1691; _Nature_, 5th July 1900.
Footnote 278:
Bigelow, _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 823.
Footnote 279:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 825.
Footnote 280:
_History of Astronomy_ (A. M. Clerke), 4th edit. p. 202.
Footnote 281:
_Recherches sur la Rotation du Soleil_, p. 55.
Footnote 282:
_Potsdam Publ._ Bd. iv. pt. ii.; _Astr. Nach._ Nos. 3000, 3153, 3287.
Footnote 283:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 632.
Footnote 284:
_Astr. Nach._ Nos. 3275, 3344.
Footnote 285:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. lv. No. 1; _Astroph. Journ._ vol. xiv. p. 317.
Footnote 286:
See _ante_, p. 98.
Footnote 287:
_Vierteljahrsschrift Naturforsch. Ges. in Zürich_, Bd. xli. 1896.
Footnote 288:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. iv. p. 138.
Footnote 289:
_Bull. de l’Acad. de St. Pétersbourg_, t. vi. No. 3, p. 293.
Footnote 290:
_Astr. Journ._ No. 416; _Astroph. Journ._ vol. iv. p. 101.
Footnote 291:
_Ibid._ vol. v. p. 37.
Footnote 292:
_Astr. Nach._ No. 3039; _Astroph. Journ._ vol. iii. p. 247.
Footnote 293:
_Memoirs Royal Astr. Society_, vol. li. p. 123.
Footnote 294:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. iii. p. 248.
Footnote 295:
Cf. Halm, _Annals Edin. Observatory_, vol. i. p. 99, 1902.
Footnote 296:
Clerke, _Hist. of Astr._ pp. 148, 149, 4th ed.; Spoerer, _Potsdam Publ._ Bd. x. part i. 1894.
Footnote 297:
_Knowledge_, vol. xv. p. 131.
Footnote 298:
Fényi, _Publ. Haynald Observ._ Bd. vi. p. 41.
Footnote 299:
Mascari, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. ii. p. 119; Evershed, _Astr. and Astroph._ vol. xi. p. 426.
Footnote 300:
Mascari, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. vi. p. 371.
Footnote 301:
_Proc. Royal Society_, vol. lxiii. p. 64; _Monthly Notices_, vol. lx. p. 142.
Footnote 302:
_Knowledge_, vol. xvii. p. 175.
Footnote 303:
_Ibid._ p. 206 (A. M. Clerke).
Footnote 304:
_Trans. Astr. Society of Toronto_, 1897, p. 80.
Footnote 305:
_Observatory_, vol. xiv. p. 328.
Footnote 306:
_Ibid._ vol. xv. p. 143.
Footnote 307:
Maunder, _Knowledge_, vol. xv. p. 89.
Footnote 308:
_Ibid._ p. 93.
Footnote 309:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi. p. 437.
Footnote 310:
_Ibid._ p. 925.
Footnote 311:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 717.
Footnote 312:
_Report Brit. Ass._ 1892, p. 634.
Footnote 313:
_Astr. Nach._ Nos. 2836, 2837.
Footnote 314:
_Nature_, vol. lxi. p. 445; vol. lxii. p. 460; _Astr. Nach._ No. 3619.
Footnote 315:
_Wiedemann’s Annalen_, Bd. lix. p. 782, 1896.
Footnote 316:
Bigelow, _Report on Solar and Terrestrial Magnetism_, p. 15.
Footnote 317:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. iii. p. 112.
Footnote 318:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 740.
Footnote 319:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 278.
Footnote 320:
_The Sun_, p. 187.
Footnote 321:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 833.
Footnote 322:
_Die Strahlenbrechung auf der Sonne_, Stuttgart, 1891.
Footnote 323:
_Monatsberichte_, Berlin, 1860, p. 405.
Footnote 324:
Knopf, _Astr. Nach._ No. 3199.
Footnote 325:
_Sirius_, 1893, p. 176.
Footnote 326:
_Astr. Nach._ No. 3187.
Footnote 327:
Frost, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. iv. p. 196.
Footnote 328:
_Ibid._ vol. xii. p. 185.
Footnote 329:
_Monatsberichte_, Berlin, 24th October 1895.
Footnote 330:
_Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. part i. 1897.
Footnote 331:
S. A. Mitchell, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. x. p. 32.
Footnote 332:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 661.
Footnote 333:
This “short title” was first applied to them by Sir Norman Lockyer. See _Nature_, 18th May 1899.
Footnote 334:
_Potsdam Publicationen_, No. 14, p. 26, 1884.
Footnote 335:
_Die Spectralanalyse der Gestirne_, p. 320.
Footnote 336:
Dunér, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. ix. p. 131.
Footnote 337:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. x. p. 108.
Footnote 338:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. viii. p. 233.
Footnote 339:
Campbell, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. ii. p. 181.
Footnote 340:
_Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. pp. 49, 93, 100, 142.
Footnote 341:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. lix. p. 507.
Footnote 342:
_Comptes Rendus_, t. lxxiv. p. 516.
Footnote 343:
Pickering, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. vi. p. 459.
Footnote 344:
_Astr. Nach._ No. 3025.
Footnote 345:
Campbell, _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 474.
Footnote 346:
_Phil. Trans._ vol. cxci. p. 129.
Footnote 347:
Maury, _Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 15.
Footnote 348:
_Abhandl. der kön. Sächs. Gesellschaft_, Bd. xv. Th. 1.
Footnote 349:
One taken 1st February is shown in _Knowledge_, vol. xix. p. 109.
Footnote 350:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 178.
Footnote 351:
_Knowledge_, vol. xix. p. 39.
Footnote 352:
_Harvard Annals_, vol. xxxii. p. 66.
Footnote 353:
ε Orionis = N.G.C. 1990.
Footnote 354:
Barnard, _Pop. Astr._ Sept. 1897, p. 232.
Footnote 355:
_Spectra of Southern Stars_, p. 11.
Footnote 356:
_Proc. Royal Society_, 27th April 1899.
Footnote 357:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 491.
Footnote 358:
_Astr. Nach._ Nos. 3565, 3583. Bellatrix was one of McClean’s original oxygen stars.
Footnote 359:
_Nature_, vol. lxi. p. 263.
Footnote 360:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. xi. p. 262.
Footnote 361:
_Ibid._ vol. x. p. 31 (Mitchell).
Footnote 362:
_Atlas of Stellar Spectra_, p. 152.
Footnote 363:
Scheiner, _Sitzungsberichte_, Berlin, 13th February 1890.
Footnote 364:
_Nature_, vol. lix. p. 342.
Footnote 365:
Hartley, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. x. p. 164.
Footnote 366:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. ix. p. 267.
Footnote 367:
_Nature_, 16th March 1899.
Footnote 368:
Cf. A. Cotton on “Kirchhoff’s law,” _Astroph. Journ._ vol. ix. p. 244, note.
Footnote 369:
Huggins, _Atlas of Spectra_, p. 148.
Footnote 370:
_Astr. Nach._ No. 3025.
Footnote 371:
_Spectra of Southern Stars_, p. 3.
Footnote 372:
A. C. Maury, _Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 24.
Footnote 373:
Frost-Scheiner, _Astronomical Spectroscopy_, p. 243.
Footnote 374:
_Proc. Royal Society_, vol. xlviii. p. 216.
Footnote 375:
_The Sun’s Place in Nature_, p. 305.
Footnote 376:
_Sitzungsberichte_, Berlin, March 1894.
Footnote 377:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 660.
Footnote 378:
_Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 27.
Footnote 379:
A. C. Maury, _Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 30.
Footnote 380:
_Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii. p. 720.
Footnote 381:
_Phil. Trans._ vol. cxci. plate 6.
Footnote 382:
Fowler, _Knowledge_, vol. xx. p. 78.
Footnote 383:
_Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 39.
Footnote 384:
_Astronomical Spectroscopy_ (Frost), p. 266.
Footnote 385:
_Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 40.
Footnote 386:
Dunér, _Sur les Étoiles à Spectres de la Troisième Classe_, p. 9.
Footnote 387:
Thiele, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. viii. p. 1.
Footnote 388:
_Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 42.
Footnote 389:
Frost-Scheiner, _Astr. Spectroscopy_, p. 308.
Footnote 390:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. vi. p. 423.
Footnote 391:
_Potsdam Publicationen_, No. 14, p. 22.
Footnote 392:
_Spectra of Southern Stars_, Plate iv.
Footnote 393:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. vi. p. 424.
Footnote 394:
The star was named _Ant-Ares_ (“like Mars”) because of its resemblance to the planet in colour.
Footnote 395:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. lii. p. 154.
Footnote 396:
_Monthly Notices_, vol. lviii. p. 443.
Footnote 397:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. x. p. 93.
Footnote 398:
Espin, _loc. cit._
Footnote 399:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. ix. p. 132.
Footnote 400:
_Astroph. Journ._ vols. viii. p. 237, ix. p. 271, x. p. 87.
Footnote 401:
Hale, _First Annual Report_, p. 7. Spectrographs of 152 Schjellerup, taken by McClean with two hours’ exposure, were described by him in 1897 as showing a multitude of dark lines.—_Monthly Notices_, vol. lvii. p. 8.
Footnote 402:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. viii. p. 239.
Footnote 403:
_Sugli Spettri Prismatici delle Stelle Fisse_, Mem. ii. 1869.
Footnote 404:
_Sur les Étoiles à Spectres de la Troisième Classe_, pp. 10, 82.
Footnote 405:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. ix. p. 119.
Footnote 406:
_Ibid._ vol. x. p. 110.
Footnote 407:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. x. p. 112.
Footnote 408:
_First Annual Report_, p. 8.
Footnote 409:
_Sur les Étoiles_, p. 45.
Footnote 410:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. ix. p. 274.
Footnote 411:
They are catalogued in the southern zones of the Bonn Durchmusterung as −10°5057 and −10°513.
Footnote 412:
Hale, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. viii. p. 239; Espin, _ibid._ vol. x. p. 170.
Footnote 413:
Sidgreaves, _Monthly Notices_, vol. lviii. p. 345.
Footnote 414:
_Sitzungsberichte_, Berlin, 26th March 1896.
Footnote 415:
_Monthly Notices_. vol. lviii. p. 344.
Footnote 416:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. ix. p. 31; _Observatory_, vol. xxii. p. 152.
Footnote 417:
Krüger, _Astroph. Journ._ vol. ii. pp. 151, 158.
Footnote 418:
Keeler, _Lick Publ._ vol. iii. p. 225.
Footnote 419:
Espin, _Astr. Nach._ No. 2859.
Footnote 420:
Maunder believed it to be of fourth type, 1st Oct. 1888. _Monthly Notices_, vol. xlix. p. 303.
Footnote 421:
_Astr. Nach._ No. 3765.
Footnote 422:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. viii. p. 233.
Footnote 423:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. ii. p. 178.
Footnote 424:
Runge, _Astr. Nach._ No. 3471.
Footnote 425:
Professor Frost’s conjecture that such stars may possess atmospheres preferentially absorbent of the shorter radiations did not seem to himself plausible enough for publication. _Astroph. Journ._ vol. ii. p. 182. A similar explanation, however, has lately been recommended by Dr. Kayser. _Ibid._ vol. xiv. p. 313.
Footnote 426:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. ii. p. 181.
Footnote 427:
Evidently analogous is Hale’s result that the lines first reversed in metallic spectra are the most refrangible. _Astroph. Journ._ vol. xv. p. 227.
Footnote 428:
A. C. Maury, _Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 104.
Footnote 429:
Keeler, _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xiii. p. 486. The helium line, λ 4472, is specially described. It is bright in the Orion nebula, dark in all Orion stars.
Footnote 430:
Proc. _Royal Society_, vol. xlvi. p. 41.
Footnote 431:
Campbell, _Astr. and Astroph._ vol. xiii. p. 397.
Footnote 432:
_Comptes Rendus_, 11th Oct. 1897; _Astroph. Journ._ vol. vi. p. 322; _Atlas of Spectra_, p. 138.
Footnote 433:
A. C. Maury, _Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 104.
Footnote 434:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. ii. p. 180.
Footnote 435:
A. C. Maury, _loc. cit._ pp. 49, 100.
Footnote 436:
Sidgreaves, _Monthly Notices_, vol. lix. p. 506.
Footnote 437:
_O Gyalla Beob._ Bd. vii. p. 14. For Keeler’s failure to perceive D-absorption see _Publ. Pacific Society_, vol. i. p. 80.
Footnote 438:
_System of the Stars_, p. 70.
Footnote 439:
Bélopolsky, _Astr. Nach._ No. 3603; _Astroph. Journ._ vol. x. p. 319.
Footnote 440:
_Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 175.
Footnote 441:
_Astr. Nach._ No. 2963.
Footnote 442:
_Astr. and Astroph._ vol. xiii. p. 158.
Footnote 443:
Frost, _Astroph. Journ. vol._ x. p. 365.
Footnote 444:
A. C. Maury, _loc. cit._ p. 104.
Footnote 445:
McClean, _Proc. Royal Society_, vol. lxii. p. 419.
Footnote 446:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. iv. p. 369. For a list of analogous objects see _Observatory_, vol. xxii. p. 54.
Footnote 447:
_Observatory_, vol. xxii. p. 52.
Footnote 448:
_Astr. and Astroph._ vol. xiii. p. 467.
Footnote 449:
_Astroph. Journ._ vol. ii. p. 177.
Footnote 450:
_Harvard Annals_, vol. xxviii. p. 247.
Footnote 451:
_Spectra of Southern Stars_, p. 15, Plate xii.
Footnote 452:
Campbell, _Astr. and Astroph._ vol. xiii. p. 449; _Astroph. Journ._