DESIGNS ON PREHISTORIC HOPI POTTERY

BY JESSE WALTER FEWKES

REPRINTED FROM THE THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1919

Page Introduction 215 Chronology of Hopi pottery symbols 215 The ruin, Sikyatki 218 Sikyatki epoch 219 Human figures 220 Quadruped figures 223 Reptilian figures 225 Winged figures 227 Dorsal views of birds 228 Lateral views of birds 233 Feather designs 236 Feathers suspended from strings 241 Sky-band 242 Vertical attachment to sky-band 243 Birds attached longitudinally to sky-band 246 Decorations on exteriors of food bowls 248 Curved figure with attached feathers 251 Spider and insects 252 Butterfly and moth 252 Geometrical designs 255 Rain clouds 256 Stars 257 Sun emblems 258 Rectangular figures representing shrines 262 Symbols introduced from San Juan River settlements 264 Symbols introduced by the Snake people 265 Tanoan epoch 266 Symbols introduced from the Little Colorado 267 Symbols introduced by the Badger and Kachina clans 273 Symbols introduced from Awatobi 275 Shalako mana 275 Symbols of Hano clans 279 Conclusion 281 Authorities cited 284

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

PLATES

76. Various forms of conventionalized feathers 238 77. Conventionalized tail feathers 240 78. Conventionalized feathers attached to strings (nakwakwoci) 240 79. Sky-bands 242 80. Geometrical figures on outside of bowls 250 81. Geometrical figures on outside of bowls 250 82. Geometrical figures on outside of bowls 250 83. Geometrical figures on outside of bowls 250 84. Geometrical figures on outside of bowls 250 85. Conventionalized bird designs 250 86. Conventionalized bird designs 250 87. Bird, sun, and spider and sun symbols 258 88. Conventionalized bird figures 258 89. Shalakomana, Corn Maid (from tablet dance) 276 90. Top of butterfly vase 276

TEXT FIGURES

12. Human head with hair-in characteristic whorls 221 13. Woman with serpent-like animal 221 14. Kneeling woman, showing hair in characteristic whorls 222 15. Three human figures 223 16. _a_, Deer; _b_, rabbit 224 17. Quadruped 224 18. Antelope or mountain sheep 224 19. Mountain lion 225 20. Problematical reptile 225 21. Reptile 225 22. Reptile 225 23. Reptile 226 24. Reptile 227 25. Turtle 227 26. Clouds and tadpoles 228 27. Tadpoles 228 28. Dorsal view of a bird 229 29. Bird figure, two halves restored to natural position 229 30. Dorsal view of bird 230 31. Bird figure 230 32. Bird figure 231 33. Bird figure 231 34. Bird figure 231 35. Bird figure (Thunderbird) 231 36. Bird figure 232 37. Highly conventionalized figure of bird from dorsal side 232 38. Conventional figure of a bird 233 39. Conventional figure of a bird 233 40. Conventional figure of a bird 233 41. Conventional figure of a bird 233 42. Conventional figure of a bird 234 43. Triangular form of bird 234 44. Triangular form of bird 234 45. Simple form of bird with terraced body 234 46. Lateral view of triangular bird with two tail feathers 234 47. Lateral view of bird with three tail feathers 234 48. Problematical bird figure 234 49. Bird with two tail feathers 234 50. Highly conventionalized bird figure 234 51. Lateral view of bird 234 52. Profile of bird 235 53. Lateral view of bird with outspread wing 235 54. Lateral view of bird with twisted tail and wing feathers 235 55. Lateral view of conventionalized bird 236 56. Lateral view of conventionalized bird 236 57. Feather symbol with black notch 237 58. Feather symbol with black notch 237 59. Feathers 241 60. Curved feathers 241 61. Conventional feathers 241 62. Parallel lines representing feathers 241 63. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 244 64. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 244 65. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 244 66. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 244 67. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 245 68. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 245 69. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 245 70. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 246 71. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 246 72. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 247 73. Conventionalized bird form hanging from sky-band, top view 247 74. Lateral view of bird hanging from sky-band 247 75. Lateral view of bird hanging from sky-band 248 76. Lateral view of bird with extended wing 248 77. Lateral view of bird hanging from sky-band 249 78. Lateral view of bird hanging from sky-band 249 79. Butterfly and flower 252 80. Butterfly with extended proboscis 253 81. Highly conventionalized butterfly 253 82. Moth 254 83. Moth 254 84. Moth of geometrical form 255 85. Geometrical form of moth 255 86. Highly conventionalized butterfly 255 87. Geometrical form of moth 255 88. Circle with triangles 255 89. Rain cloud 257 90. Rain cloud 257 91. Ring with appended feathers 258 92. Two circles with figure 259 93. Sun with feathers 259 94. Sun symbol 259 95. Ring with appended feathers 260 96. Ring figure with legs and appended feathers 260 97. Sun emblem with appended feathers 260 98. Sun symbol 261 99. Sun symbol 261 100. Horned snake with conventionalized shrine 263 101. Shrine 263 102. Shrine 264 103. Conventionalized winged bird with shrine 264 104. Lateral view of bird with double eyes 269 105. Lateral view of bird with double eyes 270 106. Bird with double eyes 271 107. Two birds with rain clouds 272 108. Head of Shalako mana, or Corn maid 276 109. Head of Kokle, or Earth woman 280 110. Head of Hahaiwugti, or Earth woman 280 111. Ladle with clown carved on handle and Earth woman on bowl 281 112. Püükon hoya, little War god 281

DESIGNS ON PREHISTORIC HOPI POTTERY

By JESSE WALTER FEWKES